​Plagiarism and scientific ethics

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Plagiarism is considered a serious crime in science, along with falsification of data. Plagiarism is the deliberate appropriation of authorship of someone else's work of science, literature or art in general or in particular. In essence, plagiarism is theft, which, in the language of law, "entails criminal, civil or administrative liability." But if theft of property is a phenomenon in most cases understandable and easily resolved at the level of the Criminal Code, then theft of intellectual property is much more difficult to prove.



In science, plagiarism is most often encountered in the humanities and much less often in the natural sciences. Copyright protection in the field of cinema, music and literature affects the property interests of the author, protected by Article 146 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (causing major damage to the author or other copyright holder). Scientists do not receive money for citing works , which is why plagiarism in science is more likely to be an ethical issue.

Why is plagiarism strictly condemned by the buy pakistan telemarketing data scientific community, and repeated cases of plagiarism can close the door to science forever for a researcher? Scientific ethics is based on the principle of scientific honesty, which also means the novelty of scientific knowledge.

The existence of science is impossible without development, the emergence of new knowledge. This idea was emphasized in his report by the German historian and sociologist Max Weber: “A perfect work of art will never be surpassed and will never become obsolete; an individual may personally evaluate its significance differently, but no one will ever be able to say about an artistically perfect work that it has been “surpassed” by another work, equally perfect. On the contrary, each of us knows that what he has done in the field of science will become obsolete in 10, 20, 40 years. Such is fate, moreover, such is the meaning of scientific work, to which it is subordinated and which it serves, and this is precisely what makes it specifically different from all other elements of culture; every perfect execution of a plan in science means new “questions”, it essentially wants to be surpassed. <…> to be surpassed in scientific terms is not only our common fate, but also our common goal. We cannot work without cherishing the hope that others will go further than us. In principle, this progress goes on forever.” This, according to the scientist, is the meaning of science, which is completely lost as a result of plagiarism.

Borrowing is, of course, possible and even necessary, but it must be accompanied by references to the author. Plagiarism is considered not only direct citation without indicating the source of borrowing, but also the abuse of quotations, and retelling of other people's thoughts in your own words, and compilation from several sources, and self-plagiarism.