In which institutions can you get secondary vocational education?

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SPO involves training mid-level specialists. Graduates receive deeper knowledge in their field and can continue their education by enrolling in a university.

There are two types of educational institutions here:

technical school;
college.
You have to study there longer – 3 years and 10 months full-time.

How are they different?
In technical schools, you can expect to complete educational programs only at the basic level. In colleges, advanced training programs are more common.

It is also believed that studying in a technical school is closer to the school format, while in a college – to the university format. Therefore, the latter are one step higher.

Are there any exceptions?
In general, the hierarchy of secondary specialized educational institutions looks like this:

College
Technical school
Professional Lyceum
Vocational school
But are educational institutions always located in it exactly like this? In fact, there are exceptions. As proof, let's consider such educational organizations, called schools:

Gnessin Music College. This division of the Russian Academy of Music trains artists who have the right to teach. And this is not low-skilled work.
Medical School No. 24 in Moscow. Despite its name, it trains nurses and male nurses in the specialty 34.02.01 Nursing .
Yaroslavl Higher Military School of Air Defense. This is a full-fledged university, whose graduates become officers.
Nakhimov Naval School. It is not connected with obtaining a profession at all. It is an educational organization of basic general and secondary general education. Simply put, schoolchildren study there.
Can we classify them as lower secondary specialized education institutions? Definitely not.

So sometimes the name can be deceiving. Whether it was kept as an established brand or they did not have time to reorganize – the reasons may be different. Therefore, you need to look first at the educational programs that the educational institution offers.

In which institutions can you get higher professional education?
Article 9 of the now-repealed Federal Law of 22.08.1996 No. 125-FZ "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" listed the main types of higher education institutions. And although the current Federal Law No. 273-FZ does not contain such a list, the types of universities remain the same:

federal university;
National Research University;
university;
academy;
Institute.
The type of university is directly related to its status. When the status changes, the name changes. For example, the Moscow Finance and Law Academy moved to the next level and became a university.

But here an interesting move was made regarding the abbreviation. Over the years of the university's existence, it has become a brand, and in order to preserve it, the famous letters were included in the official name. The educational institution is now called "Moscow Financial and Law University MFUA". Accordingly, no one calls it MGLU.

Special names are also worth mentioning, for example, "Moscow State Conservatory named after P.I. Tchaikovsky" or "Higher School of Folk Arts". The type of university is usually indicated in brackets after the main name of the educational institution.

How are they different?
Let's start with the last three types from the list above. This division is the most general, and it is easier to trace the main differences.

University Academy Institute
Independence Only independent OO Only independent OO Independent educational institution or part of a university
Directions of personnel training For different industries vietnam telemarketing list (at least 7) For several industries of the same direction For one industry
Scientific research Functions of the scientific center Necessarily Not necessarily
Ratio of postgraduates to undergraduates 4 / 100 2 / 100 No requirements
Postgraduate students who defended their dissertations in the first year after graduation +25% +25% -
Average annual funding volume From 10 million rubles 5-10 million rubles Up to 5 million rubles
Number of teachers with academic degrees Not less than 60% Not less than 55% No requirements
Availability of a faculty for professional retraining Necessarily Necessarily Not necessarily
It turns out that there is no such clear hierarchy among higher education institutions as among secondary vocational ones. It cannot be said that an institute provides less in-depth training than a university. The difference is in the conditions that a particular educational institution can offer to students:

a wide range of choice of professions;
the opportunity to engage in science;
comfortable logistical support (it depends on the amount of funding).
There is no point in focusing on the number of "degree" teachers. On the one hand, the lack of a defended dissertation can be compensated for by rich practical experience. On the other hand, it is never too late to complete postgraduate studies and get a degree. Therefore, the concentration of scientists in a university is an inconsistent indicator.